Education: University of Virginia - Doctor of Medicine (MD), 1979
Internship: Medical College of Virginia - General Practice, 1980
Residency: Medical College of Virginia - Internal Medicine, 1982
Fellowship: George Washington University School of Medicine - Cardiology, 1984
Specialty Boards: American Board of Internal Medicine, 1982
Specialty Boards: American Board of Internal Medicine/Cardiovascular Disease, 1985
Specialty Boards: American Board of Internal Medicine/Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, 1992